Artikler

Indhold : Nummer 2 : Årgang 6 : 2003

TEMA

Demokrati og menneskerettigheder

Demokrati i Kina?

af Stig Tøgersen

Statusrapport - Hvordan går det egentlig med menneskerettighederne i Kina?

af Hatla Telle

Crime and Development in China

af Mads Holst Jensen

Kinas medier - Om demokratisering ad bagdøren

af Ida Maiken Schaar

Local Elections in China

af Oscar Almén

Stat, parti og erhvervsliv

Bringing the Party Back In - Parti, kadremanegement og nomenklatura-system i Kina

af Kjeld Erik Brødsgaard

Locating the Local State in Reform-Era China

af Kellee Tsai

Kinas private erhvervsliv og parti-staten - Grænser for interesse-sammenfaldet?

af Jørgen Delman

Statsbygning i det moderne Kina og Mao-æraens katastrofer

af Søren Clausen

Security as Justification - An Analysis of Deng Xiaoping's Speech to the Martial Law Troops in Beijing on the Ninth of June 1989

af Juha Vuori

Kina som global aktør

Tendenser i formuleringen af kinesisk udenrigspolitik

af Christian Lotz

China and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Anti-Terrorism and Beijing's Central Asian Policy

af Jing-Dong Yuan

The Two Koreas and the Big Neighbour: China and the Conflict on the Korean Peninsula

af Bjørn Møller

Bøger

Førstehjælp: Kort, oversigter, mm.

 

Med dette nummer af Politologiske Studier (nuværende Tidsskriftet Politik) rettes blikket mod Kina i et forsøg på at forstå den rivende udvikling, landet gennemgår. En udvikling der på alle måder byder på store udfordringer for Kina såvel som for politologien.

 

I bestræbelserne på at begribe forandringerne af det kinesiske samfund er det ofte utilstrækkeligt at bruge begreber fra den konventionelle 'moderniseringsværktøjskasse', som man traditionelt anvender på u- og østlande. Artiklerne i dette nummer illustrerer, at Kina i høj grad gennemgår en modernisering med et twist. Derfor har vi valgt at kalde temanummeret for "Modernisering på kinesisk".

 

Det er vores håb, at vi med dette temanummer kan bidrage til forståelsen af et Kina i forandring samt inspirere flere forskere og studerende til at kaste sig ud i udfordringen Kina.

 

Abstracts:

 

Trends in the making of Chinese foreign policy

Christian Lotz

 

The Chinese reform policy has changed the internal background for policy-making in ways that help promote the reform policy itself but also challenge basic features of the authoritarian system and create new problems that need to be addressed. These changes are particularly interesting and important for international observers in the foreign policy area. Here, the changes can be summarized in three trends: Firstly, the policy debate on lower levels has become more open. Diplomats and scholars in foreign policy circles take an increasingly professionalized and less ideological approach to their work. Finally, Chinese foreign policy has become more fragmented, as it is increasingly being formulated and implemented by specialized institutions. The relatively independent political position of the PLA is a special problem in this regard and seems to call for an institutional solution that could take the form of a national security council, following the American and Russian examples.

 

 

Local Elections in China

Oscar Almén

 

In 1979, a year after China officially started its policy of reform and opening, a new election law was passed which opened up for limited competition for seats in the local people’s congresses. Direct elections were expanded from the township level to the county level and nomination procedures made it possible for ordinary voters to nominate candidates to the people’s congresses. Later, in 1987 a new experimental law stated that all of China’s villages should elect villagers committees and villagers committee heads thus for the first time giving villagers the right to elect their executive leaders. Recently a similar system has been tried out in urban areas. The Chinese regime views the elections as instrumental in providing legitimacy for the regime, fighting local corruption, and maintaining social stability. However, the institutionalisation of election mechanisms and the increasing assertiveness of elected assemblies could also have the unintentional consequence of gradual transformation to a more democratic political system. This article describes China’s experiences of local elections and analyses the consequences of them.

 

 

China and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization - Anti-terrorism and Beijing's Central Asian Policy

Jing-Dong Yuan

 

This article briefly discusses China’s security interests in, and its policy toward Central Asia. It analyzes Beijing’s strategies, both at home and through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, to deal with one of the serious challenges – ethnic separatism and terrorist activities – it faces and seize the opportunities that the independence of Central Asia presents. It also discusses the impact of the September-11 terrorist attacks and speculates the future direction of Chinese Central Asia policy.

 

State Building in Modern Chinese History and the Disasters of the Mao Era - shorcuts and dead ends in China’s modernization process

Søren Clausen

 

What kind of country would China be today if Chairman Mao had died in, say, 1957 rather than in 1976? Would China have escaped the disasters of Late Maoism, such as the Great Leap Forward (1958-1960) and the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)? The article argues that Chinese politics would probably have developed very differently, but a smooth transition to modernity was not a likely outcome. The political structures of the new regime and the fragmentation of society had set the Chinese communists on a rocky course of total penetration and total mobilization.